What was the belief of those who opposed political parties? Those who supported them?

Which statement below would be the strongest evidence for the historians view

Why might collective bargaining fail, causing a union to go on strike? a the union agrees with the boss about wages. b the boss compromises about work hours. c the factory goes out of business, causing the workers to lose their jobs. d the boss refuses to address dangerous working conditions in the factories.

If french military leaders declared that their primary goal in the war was to defend russia, which of the following conclusions would be supported?