Let me see if I can spell it right this time, the boys are back in town

The conclusions presented in this article are based primarily on

Andrew jackson: a) successfuly captured montreal from the british in 1813 b) was the american general at the battle of new orleans c) represented the u.s in the peace negotiations of ghent, belgium d) all of the above

How did the formation of the united states contribute to the enlightenment in europe?