12. In 1902, Lincoln Steffens and Claude Wetmore published the article below about St. Louis in McClure's magazine.
About 1890, public franchises and privileges were sought, not only for legitimate profit
and common convenience but for loot. Taking but slight and always selfish interest in
the public councils, the big men misused politics. The riff-raff, catching the smell of
corruption, rushed into the Municipal Assembly, drove out the respectable men, and
sold the city--its streets, its wharves, its markets, and all that it had-to the now greedy
businessmen and bribers.
Which type of activity does this article illustrate?
A. reporting by muckrakers
B. Social Gospel movement
C. government by city-manager
D. operation of settlement houses