12. Charles Martel led the forces that stopped the Muslim advance in western Europe. A True
B. False
13. After Uthmann, the third caliph, was killed during a dispute, the Muslims divided into Sunnis and
Shiites
A True
B. False
Multiple Choice: Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
14. Which of the following was not a cause of the spread of Islam?
A. unity against the infidels
B. lowering taxes
C. the Battle of Tours
D. war and conquest
15. An important Byzantine weapon used against Islamic armies was
A. boiling oil.
B. the catapult
C. the Corinthian saber
D. Greek fire.
16. Which of the following was not a contribution of the Abbasid Caliphate?
A vaccines
B. irrigation
C. an improved astrolabe
D. improved gunpowder
I