Twelfth century Italian communes eventually developed into (5 points) independent city-states
O feudal estates
O kingdoms ruled by strong monarchs
monasteries

answer: to communicate with people on the other side.

explanation:

but its not smart to do because the gateway on an ouija board is not gaurded

Akajhnanananjjijii

The three steps before modern english were indo-european, germanic, and old english. as peoples moved around the eurasian continent, their languages changed. throughout the ages, the languages became more specialized. as english has many germanic influences, it is easy to see how this was one of the forebears. also, old english was one of the main ancestors of the modern language, spoken in the 5th through about the 13th centuries.