What system was used by both ancient Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt to make trade easier?

How did the united states respond when north vietnam attacked a us warship and sent troops to south vietnam in the early 1960s? a.the united states declined to assist south vietnam against the north. b.us leaders authorized south vietnam to invade north vietnam. c.the president did not sign the gulf of tonkin resolution. d.congress authorized the president to escalate the conflict.