n paragraph 4 of this section, it says that the French “misread their colonial subjects” and that the Vietnamese “spurned slavery.” Using context clues, what do these words mean? What do these particular words help the reader understand about the relationship between the Vietnamese and the French?

trade

explanation:

first industrial revolution - the first wave of the industrial revolution lasted from the late 1700s to the mid-1800s. it industrialized the manufacture of textiles and began the move of production from homes to factories. steam power and the cotton gin played an important role in this period.

b toward the volcano.landward. the landward side of something is the side nearest to the land or facing the land, rather than the sea.

i would say your answer is a)

sorry if im wrong