How did voting literacy tests and poll taxes obstruct voting rights? Name another way groups tried to stop other from voting.

it obstructed rights because when it was in place most african americans were illiterate so it kept them from voting without "breaking laws" and political machines is the answer to the second part

Explanation:

for starters, there is the structural trend of rising primary government expenditure as a share of gdp, which reached 36% in 2014, up from 22% in 1991. this increase reflected a political desire to address the poverty and inequality that had gone unaddressed during previous decades. to support the increase, brazil’s government increased taxes on consumption and promoted progress toward labor-market formalization. nonetheless, public investment, particularly in infrastructure, took a hit. in fact, with the exception of the 2005-2008 period, total investment as a share of gdp has remained below 20% since 1991.

the lowest among the social higher rank were the working class. this class remained detached to the political progression   of the country and was hostile to the other two classes