How were the challenges of land-based empires such as the Qings and Russia different from the challenges of maintaining the maritime empires?

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Explanation:

i would say that the politicial parties from state to state varies.

no options provided, here,but the answer to this question is often: a historian cites a japanese newspaper article published a year after the end of world war ii in order to draw conclusions about the effect of the war on the japanese economy.

clearly from the answer, the historian alludes to historical sources,and records to aid in analyzing and drawing conclusion on the effect of the war on the economy of japan.