John Adams, second U. S. president and no fan of Paine's, nonetheless acknowledged his crucial influence: "Without the pen of Paine the sword of Washington would have been wielded in vain ." Use information from Paine's essay , as well as facts from his biography on page 244, to support Adams's assessment .

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japan is located on a chain of islands called an archipelago. it is made up of four main islands and thousands of smaller ones. the terrain is mountainous, which means there is not a lot of good land for farming. because of the geography, the japanese relied on the sea for many aspects of daily life.