Many states refused to ratify the constitution unless

The correct answer is:

C - A general listing of the rights of the people were added to it.

The Constitution was sent to the states for ratification in September 1787.  It was necessary that nine of the 13 states had to ratify the Constitution for it to become valid on those ratifying states. Soon, a debate arose among those who contended that the Constitution should be adopted (Federalists) and those who argued against it, who were called Anti-Federalists.

the qing dynasty placed strict limits on foreign merchants' ability to trade in china.