Shinto was the original belief system of the Japanese until Prince Shotoku promoted the Chinese tradition of and many Japanese
people began to follow a combined version of the two religions.

b toward the volcano.landward. the landward side of something is the side nearest to the land or facing the land, rather than the sea.

to reform the distraught soviet union, the democratization of the communist party was promoted through party secretary mikhail gorbachev's policies of “perestroika” and “glasnost.” perestroika refers to the reconstruction of the political and economic system established by the communist party.