In what year did the French Revolution begin? Was it shortly before or shortly after the American Revolution?

Which of the following led to a continuation of the treatment in the excerpt above? a)the brutality of the trans-atlantic african slave trade. b)spanish repression after violent native uprisings in new spain during the 16th century. c)european competition to quickly establish colonial holdings in the new world. d)the reliance of the spanish on native americans to provide labor under the encomienda system.

4. any area in which one nation has power over another; i.e. - this happened to china when it was defeated by japan

Why did french and austrian troops stops revolts in spain and italy