How did the arab empire affect learning, culture, and the arts in europe

What will not cause political parties to change or develop

Javier is considering two options for college. option a: complete the first two years of schooling at a community college and then transfer to a university. option b: complete all four years of schooling at the university. community college financial analysis costs per year financial aid package per year tuition & fees scholarships & grants $3,000 $1,000 room & board $1,000 university financial analysis costs per year financial aid package per year tuition & fees scholarships & grants $10,000 $15,000 room & board work-study $11,500 $4,000 which statement about the cost of the options is true? option b will save him $1,000. option b will save him $2,000. option a will save him $14,000. option a will save him $17,500.

What factor aided the russians in defeating napoleon's troops?