What motivated the crusades?

What spanish colony gained its independence in part due to the efforts and sacrfice of a village priest named father hidalgo? a. argentina b. venezuela c. mexico d. peru answer asap

In a short paragraph, explain what franklin’s attitude would be toward today’s standardized testing.

How did the cleveland massacre impact standard oil in 1872? standard oil hired all the laborers who were nearly killed during the cleveland massacre. standard oil became a monopoly in the cleveland oil market after the cleveland massacre. standard oil was bought out by other companies in the city after the cleveland massacre. standard oil closed down to avoid additional violence in the wake of the cleveland massacre.