In the 1800s, the introduction of mass production led to what

Mass production in factories made it possible to manufacture goods more cheaply and quickly. Huge markets for these goods were opening up in the new cities, and in the lands that the European nations were conquering and settling overseas.

Explanation:

the government closely monitored its finances to avoid another financial collapse.

it should be a. song dynasty’s civil service examination system created an administrative bureaucracy manned by the landed aristocracy.