Is a child a citizen if only one parent is a US citizen, and that parent has been physically present in the US or possession at least five years prior to the child's birth, at least two of
which were after the age of 14.

The law in effect at the time of birth determines whether someone born outside the United States to a U.S. citizen parent (or parents) is a U.S. citizen at birth. In general, these laws require that at least one parent was a U.S. citizen, and the U.S. citizen parent had lived in the United States for a period of time.

Yes

Explanation:

I found it on the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services page. Specifically, Chapter 3 - U.S. Citizens at Birth (NA 301 and 309), B3.

i'm not sure i understand what you are trying to ask, if you give more information, that would be most .

the answer is: must pay taxes on profits

since it is considered as a part of your income, profits from investments is eligible for tax payment.

the tax from your investment could be influenced by how long you decided to sell it. united states promotes keeping your investment for long term period. so, the tax rate for investments that you sell in less than one year is typically higher compared to investments that you sell in more than one year period.