Changes in Europe that led to the discovery of America included the , in which Martin Luther and others broke from the Catholic Church, as well as the , or rebirth of cultural and intellectual life in Europe, that encouraged innovation, freedom of thought, and an emphasis on human abilities.

Protestant Reformation and Subsequent Catholic's

Explanation:

Changes in Europe that led to the discovery of America included the Protestant Reformation, in which Martin Luther and others broke from the Catholic Church, as well as the Subsequent Catholic's, or rebirth of cultural and intellectual life in Europe, that encouraged innovation, freedom of thought, and an emphasis on human abilities.

affirmative action refers to the policies that take gender, race, or ethnicity into account in order to promote equal opportunity.

employers subject to title vii are prohibited from taking race or sex into account in any employment decisions. aa is a penalty for having any job group substantially statistically "underutilized" in any race or either sex. the employer must take steps to eliminate the underutilization, then stop, ending its aa efforts

1.a)britain

2.b)spain

3.c)french

4.d)portugal

explanation: