Sub-heads in this reading highlight five themes that provide a historical framework for thinking about literature in the period under consideration in the text. What are those themes?

You didn't give the passage or the reading but I'll give you an overview of the topic.

A theme in literature refers to the message, idea, or critical belief that the author conveys to the readers. A theme is a topic or idea that's expanded in a discourse.The examples of themes include loyalty, death, love, compassion benefits of hard work, perseverance, faithfulness, etc. To get the theme in the reading, you have to identify the plot of the story, the characters in the story, and the primary conflict in the reading. When you've done this, it'll be easier to know the theme, which is the idea passed by the author.

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Primary sources are usually  more accurate and are written by someone who experienced it or witnessed it. secondary sources are those who heard of it after the fact that can lose details and or twist the event in a light that benefits them.