The Malay States are not British Territory, and our connection with them is due to the simple fact that 70 years ago [1757] the British Government was invited, pushed, and persuaded into helping the Rulers of certain States to introduce order into their disorderly, penniless, and distracted households [departments of government], by sending trained British Civil Servants to advise the Rulers in the art of administration and to organize a system of government which would secure justice, freedom, safety for all, with the benefits of what is known as Civilization; and, of course, to provide an annual revenue sufficient to meet all the charges of a government which had to introduce railways, roads, hospitals, water supplies, and all the other requirements of modern life. Of nine States south of Siam, four asked for or accepted this help; four others, threatened by Siam, came later under direct British influence; while Johore, nearest neighbour to Singapore had, ever since the occupation of that island by Sir Stamford Raffles in 1819, depended for its development on the wealth and enterprise of Singapore Chinese. . . . Source: Sir Frank Swettenham, British Malaya: An Account of the Origin and Progress of British Influence in Malaya, George Allen and Unwin Ltd., 1906 1 Based on this document, state two reasons that help from Britain was needed in the Malay States. [2]