How did pioneer settlements affect land in the West?

The pioneers over grazed and farmed the land too much which caused much of the land in the west to become infertile.

A. Pioneers brought plants and animals that competed with native species.

Explanation:

sumerians were responsible.

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".