In which countries was lslam established through trade, and in which countries was Islam established by invading Islamic armies

What was an effect of the industrial revolution

Is karma the same as destiny, in the sense that everything that happens to you is predetermined? do you believe that "what goes around comes around," and if so is this the same as karma? does everyone get what they deserve, in the end?

In 1073, the fight over who gets to choose bishops was between pope gregory vii and king henry the iv. t or f