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d. By the end of the 1940s, the cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union was behind many major government decisions.

Explanation:

After the end of world war II, the allied forces came out victorious, with the United States United State and the Soviet Union changing the course of the war. At the war's end, the two nations came out as world superpowers, but soon entered a tussle that lasted until the late 1990s to determine which of them would arise as world power. This cold war period was characterized by a lot of proxy wars, and the two nations were involved in an increase in technological, space race and military research and advancement. In both nations, the government was completely focused on these events, and most political decisions were centered around the events of the cold war. Allied forces of these two nations around the world were not left out, and their government decisions were also centered around the cold war events.

the  equal rights amendment  (era) states: "equality  of  rights  under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the united states or by any state on account of sex." congress first introduced the era in 1923, but the campaign for ratification took off in the 1960s during the  civil rightsmovement.