Who belonged to the poorest class during the Middle Ages?

The poorest class during the Middle Ages were the peasants. Within these classes there were multiple other people within them, containing different rights and freedoms.

Freemen were peasants, except they had some rights. They were free and were not enslaved and in some cases could even own land. Many Freemen lived a pretty good life, despite being in the poorest class.

Serfs, or villeins, had no rights. Serfs did labor work in exchange for a bit of land that belonged to the tenant. They did not get any money out of this, they would just work for protection and housing.

The last people that belonged to the peasant class were the slaves. Slaves were bought and sold and used for labor, they had terrible living conditions and had no rights whatsoever.

the bar kochba rebellion (132-135) against the roman empire, also known as the second jewish-roman war, was the second major jewish revolt in judea and the last of the great jewish-roman wars.

after the first jewish-roman war of the years 66-73, the roman authorities took measures to crush any new attempt of rebellion in judea. his political situation was modified and instead of a prefect a governor of praetorian rank was appointed, and in the ruins of jerusalem the seat of a complete roman legion, the legio x fretensis was established.

the political and religious direction of the jewish people was left in the hands of the sanhedrin, with initial headquarters in yavne.

the direct causes of the rebellion vary according to the source. the roman historian dio cassius (155-229) attributes the revolt to the decision of hadrian to found in the place of jerusalem a roman city called aelia capitolina (aelia by its own name and capitolina in honor of the roman god jupiter). on the other hand, the jewish sources, while recognizing this resolution as true, assign higher priority to the decrees dictated by hadrian that forbade the brit milah (circumcision), the respect of the sabbath and the laws of purity in the family.

hadrian's intention was to "civilize" and incorporate the jews once and for all into the greco-roman culture. for greek and roman culture, circumcision was an intolerable mutilation.

the jewish tradition tells in the midrash tanjuma a meeting between rabbi akiva and the governor turnus rufus, where he asked for an explanation about the circumcision.

an additional legion, the legio vi ferrata, moved to the province to maintain order, and work began in the year 131 after the governor of judea, turnus rufus performed the founding ceremony of aelia capitolina. a roman coin with the inscription aelia capitolina was struck in the year 132.

the tannaim rabbi akiva, who without being named nasi directed the sanhedrin, convinced the other members to support the imminent rebellion.

the jewish leaders carefully planned the second rebellion to avoid the numerous errors that had been committed in the first one. in the year 132 the rebellion led by bar kochba quickly expanded from modiim throughout the country, defeating the x roman legion based in jerusalem and destroying the xxii roman legion that had come from egypt.

•an essay

•a mock-heroic epic  

•deals with cannibalism  

•introduces “sylphs” as guardian spirits  

•not a satire  

•written by daniel defoe

•written by alexander pope

•written by jonathan swift  

•criticizes the exploration of ireland  

•criticizes impulsive nature  

•criticizes the english upper class  

•playful tone  

•remorseful tone

•matter-of-fact tone  

“the rap of the lock”   written by alexander pope.

“a modest proposal”