Which was unknown in europe before european explorers visited the americas?

pepper

spices

coffee beans

potatoes

How has u.s. participation in international economic development efforts affected other countries? o a. it has made some countries decide they no longer want close ties with the united states. b. it has ended diplomatic ties with countries that refuse to participate. c. it has raised money to poor nations grow their economies. d. it has caused the united states to intervene militarily to stop human rights abuses.

What country was the philippines declaring independence from in this proclamation?

1.     in what kind of government does a small group have a firm control over a country?