Who gained control of Egypt from the Ottoman Empire and launched a series of military and economic
reforms?
A. Selim III
B. Nasir al-Din
C. Muhammad Ali
D. Jamal al-Din al-Afghani

The correct answer is C. Muhammad Ali gained control of Egypt from the Ottoman Empire and launched a series of military and economic  reforms.

Explanation:

Mohammed Ali was the governor of Ottoman Egypt, and is considered the founder of modern Egypt and as father of the fatherland.

He was sent to Egypt with an expeditionary force when it was occupied by Napoleon, but before he arrived there the French had started to withdraw. He occupied the country, and in 1808 the Sultan recognized him as the governor. He reformed Egypt and expanded his territory with an army for which farmers were recruited. He wanted to make Egypt a strong economy, which allowed him to invest a lot of money in his army, to protect Egypt from the British and French.

Mohammed Ali organized the Egyptian government after the western example and reorganized the army. Although he always remained a vassal of the Ottoman Empire, he usually acted independently. He finally rebelled against the Sultan and defeated him twice, founding his own dynasty.

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