Read the following excerpt from Executive Order 9981 issued by President Harry S. Truman in 1948.
It is hereby declared to be the policy of the President that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin.
The order is addressing the fact that up until this time, African Americans in the US military
had equal access to jobs and pay.
were segregated based on race.
were represented equally in leadership.
had access to better training programs.

all persons entering into t

he employment of the compan

y, are considered as engaged

for twelve months, and those who leave

sooner, or do not comply with all these

regulations, will not be entitled

to a regular discharge.  

the alfred thayer mahan award for literary achievement is awarded each year by the navy league of the united states. the award is named for an american naval historian and theorist, rear admiral alfred thayer mahan, united states navy who, through his writing, provided stimulus and guidance to those who share in the defense of the nation. presented since 1957, "this award for literary achievement is awarded to a u.s. navy officer, u.s. marine corps officer, enlisted service member, or civilian who has made a notable literary contribution that has advanced the knowledge of the importance of sea power in the united states."[1]

they were all fought in the middle east during ww1