The correct answer is 4. A major cause of the Russian Revolution of 1917 was Czar Nicholas II's abuse of power.
Explanation:
The Russian Revolution was a series of political upheavals that led to the fall of the Russian czar's regime in 1917 and the Bolshevik party led by Lenin took power. The revolution led to a civil war and later the creation of the world's first state based on a communist ideology, the Soviet Union, that existed from 1922 to 1991. The Russian revolution was one of the most important historical events of the 20th century and led to the complete upheaval of power relations in Russia.
A complex of factors caused the course of events and the eventual outcome of the revolution, including among them the absence of independent state institutions besides the monarchy, the limited influence of liberals, the isolation of the peasant masses and the fanaticism of the revolutionary movement in Russia.
The revolution ultimately did not lead to a more democratic or liberal regime in Russia; on the contrary, the czars' despotism proved unable to cope with the combination of internal tensions and a modern war; the anarchy that followed the collapse of the regime paved the way for the Stalinist dictatorship.
