San Francisco grew from a small town to a booming city
Those who took part in this event were known as the “Forty-Niners”
This precious metal was first discovered here by John Sutter and John Marshall
Which event is being described here?
A) Louisiana Purchase
B) Mexican-American War
C) California Gold Rush
D) Texas War for Independence

your list doesn't mention any of them at all.

and what does "these" mean anyway ?

just finished this it is b. centrifugal force

it foreshadows the theme of the paragraph and hints the topic that will be discussed in the paragraph!

the correct option is: a liberal.

the kind of person that is most likely to hold a left-wing political ideology is liberal because they have in common that they support human individual rights and liberties. also, they both have politically and economically centrist.

moreover, a liberal believes that everyone should have equal rights as well as opportunities to succeed in life, and the freedom to make their own decisions as long as they don't attack the rights of other people. all people deserve the same opportunities and basic needs.