1. which of the following best describes the contributions of charles martel to europe during the middle ages?

a.) he united the franks to fight off muslim invasion.
b.) he united eastern and western portions of the roman empire.
c.) he encouraged the development of the arts.
d.) he spread christianity to new lands.

2. scholasticism provides an example of which of the following?

a.) the blending of norse and christian culture
b.) the blending of greek and roman architectural styles
c.) the blending of greek and roman philosophies with christian ideas
d.) the blending of jewish and christian ideas

3. use the excerpt to answer the following question:

"the precepts of the law are these: to live honestly, to injure no one, and to give every man his due. the study of law consists of two branches, law public and law private. the former relates to the welfare of the roman state; the latter to the advantage of the individual citizen. of private law then we may say that it is of threefold origin, being collected from the precepts of nature, from those of the law of nations, or from those of the civil law of rome."
source: from the institutes of justinian, b. moyle, trans.3rd ed. (oxford: oxford university press, 1896), pp. 3-5.

this excerpt from the justinian code shows how the byzantine empire

a.) preserved greco-roman culture
b.) reformed the roman catholic church
c.) split from western roman legal traditions
d.) established an eastern orthodox church separate from rome

4. christian monks taught laypeople the art of stained glass, which served which of the following functions in medieval europe?

a.) established the europeans as the artistic leaders of the world
b.) taught religious scripture to illiterate peasants through images
c.) united the iconoclasts and anti-iconoclasts
d.) served as recordings of epic poems