Task: Read and analyze the following documents, applying your social studies knowledge and skills to write a short essay of two or three paragraphs in which you:
â Describe the historical context surrounding documents 1 and 2
â Analyze Document 2 and explain how audience, or purpose, or bias, or point of view affects this documentâs use as a reliable source of evidence
In developing your short essay answer of two or three paragraphs, be sure to keep these explanations in mind:
Describe means âto illustrate something in words or tell about itâ
Historical Context refers to âthe relevant historical circumstances surrounding or connecting the events, ideas, or developments in these documentsâ
Analyze means âto examine a document and determine its elements and its relationshipsâ
Explain means âto make plain or understandable; to give reasons for or causes of; to show the logical development or relationship ofâ
Reliability is determined by how accurate and useful the information found in a source is for a specific purpose
Document 1
. . . When I [President McKinley] next realized that the Philippines had dropped into our laps I confess I did not know what to do with them. I sought counsel from all sidesâDemocrats as well as Republicansâbut got little help. At first I thought we would take only Manila; then Luzon; then other islands perhaps also. I walked the floor of the White House night after night until midnight; and I am not ashamed to tell you, gentlemen, that I went down on my knees and prayed Almighty God for light and guidance more than one night. And one night late it came to me this wayâ I donât know how it was, but it came: (1) That we could not give them back to Spainâthat would be cowardly and dishonorable; (2) that we could not turn them over to France and Germanyâ our commercial rivals in the Orientâthat would be bad business and discreditable; (3) that we could not leave them to themselvesâthey were unfit for self-governmentâand they would soon have anarchy and misrule over there worse than Spainâs was; and (4) that there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them, and by Godâs grace do the very best we could by them, as our fellow-men for whom Christ also died. And then I went to bed, and went to sleep, and slept soundly, and the next morning I sent for the chief engineer of the War Department (our map-maker), and I told him to put the Philippines on the map of the United States (pointing to a large map on the wall of his office), and there they are, and there they will stay while I am President! . . .
Source: General James Rusling, âInterview with President William McKinley,â November 21, 1899, published in The Christian Advocate, January 22, 1903
Document 2
In 1900, William Jennings Bryan was the Democratic presidential candidate, running against President William McKinley. The following is an excerpt from one of his stump speeches on the campaign trail.
Imperialism is the policy of an empire. And an empire is a nation composed of different races, living under varying forms of government. A republic cannot be an empire, for a republic rests upon the theory that governments derive their powers from the consent of the governed and colonialism violates this theory. We do not want the Filipinos for citizens. They cannot, without danger to us, share in the government of our nation and moreover, we cannot afford to add another race question to the race questions which we already have. Neither can we hold the Filipinos as subjects even if we could benefit them by doing... Our experiment in colonialism has been unfortunate. Instead of profit, it has brought loss. Instead of strength, it has brought weakness. Instead of glory, it has brought humiliation.
Source: William Jennings Bryan, "Imperialism," recorded in 1901; from Michigan State University, Earliest Voices: A Gallery from the Vincent Voice Library
Answers: 1
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