What technologies were helpful in spreading both scientific and philosophical thought
at this time?

it was on the rise and doing very well and would continue to do well until the great depression from 1929-1939

during the debate over his landmark energy policy proposal, president jimmy carter failed to consult one of the most powerful senators, louisiana’s russell long, who would have a big say over whether the legislation moved through the upper chamber. this was classic carter. with a strong distaste for congressional politics, the president simply refused to do what most other presidents would consider routine, such as courting key senators. long became so irate with the president that when he was finally invited to a white house dinner, he stood up to ask a question and, before doing so, proceeded to sarcastically introduce himself: “i’m russell long, chairman of the senate finance committee.”

this interaction is a revealing moment in stuart e. eizenstat’s fascinating new history of carter’s presidency. the former peanut farmer from georgia was a president who, according to conventional wisdom, didn’t care much for party politics; nonetheless, in eizenstat’s view, carter’s legacy on domestic and foreign policy has been vastly underappreciated. the author paints carter as a “bold and determined” leader who bravely attacked the challenges of his time. eizenstat goes so far as to argue that carter might very well be the most successful one-term president in american history.

the answer is :

transatlantic

in classical conditioning the organism learns to associate new stimuli with natural, biological responses such as salivation or fear. the organism does not learn something new but rather begins to perform in an existing behavior in the presence of a new signal. operant conditioning, on the other hand, is learning that occurs based on the consequences of behavior and can involve the learning of new actions.