Read the excerpt from The Riddle of the Rosetta Stone by James Cross Giblin.
A few genuine advances in understanding the hieroglyphs were made during the 1700s. The French scholar C. J. de
Guignes observed that groups of hieroglyphs in Egyptian texts were often enclosed by an oval outline, which he called a
cartouche. "Cartouche" is a French word that originally meant a cartridge, and the line around the hieroglyphs had a similar
shape. De Guignes guessed rightly that the cartouches in hieroglyphic inscriptions were intended to draw attention to
important names, probably the names of Egyptian rulers.
Based on this excerpt, what is the author's view of the progress made in the 1700s?
A French scholar first used the term "cartouche" to describe hieroglyphs.
Scholars had some success understanding the meanings of the hieroglyphs.
By the 1700s, scholars had given up trying to figure out the hieroglyphs.
Hieroglyphs in Egyptian texts were often enclosed within an oval shape.
Yes

the captain of a steam ship naturally chooses the shortest route to his destination. since a sailing ship is usually pushed by winds and currents, its captain must find a route where the wind will probably blow in the right direction. tacking, i.e. using contrary wind to pull (sic) the sails, was always possible but wasted time because of the zigzagging required, and this would significantly delay long voyages. the early european explorers were not only looking for new lands. they also had to discover the pattern of winds and currents that would carry them where they wanted to go. during the age of sail winds and currents determined trade routes and therefore influenced european imperialism and modern political geography. for an outline to the main wind systems see global wind patterns.

pilotage or cabotage, in one sense, is the art of sailing along the coast using known landmarks. navigation, in one sense, is the art of sailing long distances out of sight of land.[1] although the polynesians were able to sail the pacific (with great difficulty) and people regularly sailed north and south across the mediterranean, before the time of columbus nearly all sailing was coastal pilotage

        it is some were in here? ///