With the defeat of the ottoman empire in ww1 a new nation called turkey arose from the ashes who was the charismatic leader who was once called mustafa kemal but later become father of the turks

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question as stated in comment

why did the chinese require the portuguese to pay for goods in gold and silver when trading?

choices

portuguese goods were less valuable than chinese goods.

the chinese already had a surplus of portuguese goods.

the imperial government wanted to stockpile gold and silver.

portuguese and chinese currencies were not exchangeable.

this a history q n in ancient time, theres no money exchange. so ans is portuguese and chinese currencies were not exchangeable.