This law allowed California to become a free state and gave Southerners a Fugitive slave law
that would return escaped slaves to their southern owners.

The Compromise of 1850 was a package of five separate bills passed by the United States Congress in September 1850 that defused a political confrontation between slave and free states on the status of territories acquired in the Mexican–American War.

Explanation:

the population grew a lot and was making more money