What changes were brought about due to the expansion of the railroads?

In the 19th century (before as well as after the Civil War),  railroads brought many changes to the United States of America. For  one thing, trade and commerce increased, with a complementary expansion of industry, especially in the North. For another,  settlement of the 'wild West' was made easier, as was increased  growth of areas already settled. For yet another, military operations became more sophisticated and generally more  power-packed: during the Civil War, Union and Confederate forces  could be quickly reinforced or moved to areas of special need due to the rapid transportation provided by railroads.

a

explanation:

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i do believe its (d) it allowed the government to offer pioneers sixty acres of western land if they lived on it and made improvements to it.

explanation: signed into law in may 1862, the homestead act opened up settlement in the western united states, allowing any american, including freed slaves, to put in a claim for up to 160 free acres of federal land. by the end of the civil war, 15,000 homestead claims had been established, and more followed in the postwar years