Several disputes arose between president Abraham Lincoln and congress regarding who had the responsibility to develop a reconstruction plan for the south. According to Lincoln, the south had rebelled, not surrendered. Therefore, he felt that as president of the united states, he alone had the authority to enforce laws and reconstruct the south. Congress viewed the south as a defeated military territory. Congress exercised control over such territories. Therefore, congress believed that the responsibility for reconstructing the south fell to them.

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~courtney

ghana achieved independence peacefully, while algeria gained independence through an armed struggle.

the fact that could also be added to column b is that during world war ii, specifically between the years 1941 and 1945, japan expanded its territory towards the indonesian territory in what was known later as part of the "pacific war". in that time, japan could conquer the philipines, singapore,   borneo, central java, malang, cebu, sumatra and various other islands of the area, therefore expanding its territory for a brief period of time.