In the decades following World War II, some intellectuals attempted to determine how such phenomena as Nazism and Stalinism could take root in society. Hannah Arendt, saw them as new twentieth century political forms called .

Totalitarian form of government

Explanation:

Nazism and Stalinism are both totalitarian forms of government because complete power is exercised by one person (Hitler, Stalin). The political authority exercises absolute and centralized control over all aspects of life. That is, the individuel is subordinated to the state.

the crusades are one of the most significant events in the history of europe and the middle east.   they were a series of religious wars carried out by christian crusaders from europe during the timeframe of the middle ages.   beginning in 1095 ce, the crusades saw european knights and noblemen travel to the middle east in an attempt to capture the holy land away from muslim people that had controlled the region for the previous centuries.   the term crusade means ‘cross’.   therefore, the europeans that became crusaders viewed themselves as ‘taking up the cross’.   in fact, many of the crusaders wore crosses on their clothing and armor as they made their pilgrimage to the holy land.

explanation:

council members were chosen randomly, and men could present laws for debate in assembly.