A radical political doctrine that opposed individualism and the fragmentation of society and that advocated international cooperation and a sense of community; key ideas were economic planning, greater economic equality, and state regulation of property

Socialism.

Explanation:

Despite the diversity of interpretation and varieties within socialism, the common characteristics are the internationalism, the insistence on central planning in economics and centralization in politics and administration and the limitation of private property by state action and regultation.

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the president of russia is head of state, and of a multi-party system with executive power exercised by the government, headed by the prime minister, who is appointed by the president with the parliament's approval.

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answer; i believe that the correct answer is (c) arctic tundra;