The First Battle of Bull Run
a) When and where did it happen?
b) Two important details about the battle.
c) How did the behavior of Union soldiers reflect attitudes about the war? How did thebattle change expectations about the war?

The First Battle of Bull Run was a clash between Union and Confederate forces in Virginia on July 21, 1861. It was the first major battle of the Civil War. The cause of the fighting was the Union's attack on the city of Richmond, near the battlefield, which served as the capital of the Confederacy.

Each party forces consisted mainly of poorly trained volunteer soldiers. The Union was winning for a long time during the battle, but the advance of the troops stopped on a hill called Henry House Hill. At Henry House Hill, Confederate forces received reinforcements, with the help of which Confederate Commander P. G. T. Beauregard carried out a counterattack. In counterattack, Confederate forces managed to break the Union’s line of defense, leading Union soldiers to panic and uncontrollable withdrawal toward Washington.

judicial because its legislative, executive and judicial

pepin the short[a] (german: pippin der kurze, french: pépin le bref, c. 714 – 24 september 768) was the king of the franks from 751 until his death. he was the first of the carolingians to become king.[b][2]

the younger son of the frankish prince charles martel and his wife rotrude, pepin's upbringing was distinguished by the ecclesiastical education he had received from the monks of st. denis. succeeding his father as the mayor of the palace in 741, pepin reigned over francia jointly with his elder brother carloman. pepin ruled in neustria, burgundy, and provence, while his brother carloman established himself in austrasia, alemannia and thuringia. the brothers were active in suppressing revolts led by the bavarians, aquitanians, saxons, and the alemanni in the early years of their reign. in 743, they ended the frankish interregnum by choosing childeric iii, who was to be the last merovingian monarch, as figurehead king of the franks.