Who forced the Portuguese royal family to flee to Brazil?

Napoleon Bonaparte and his troops

Explanation:

When Napoleon Bonaparte and his troops invaded Portugal the royal family fled to Brazil. In 1822 they declared independence and Dom Pedro I became the head of the western hemisphere's only monarchy. He declared himself emperor and his family governed Brazil for the next 67 years.

i would think it's industries and hydroelectric power

the second significant cause of the great migration was the desire of black southerners to escape segregation, known euphemistically as jim crow. rural african american southerners believed that segregation - and racism and prejudice against blacks - was significantly less intense in the north.