The Constitution has key clauses, or important parts, that give specific powers or functions to the national government. Describe the purposes of the following clauses, and explain why each is important.

Article I, Section 8, Clause 3 – the commerce clause
Article I, Section 8, Clause 18 – the necessary and proper clause
Article IV, Clause 2 – the supremacy clause
Article VI, Section 1 – the full faith and credit clause

Article 1, Section 8 of the United States Constitution states the powers of Congress. The Clauses in the Section have their purpose and importance.

Clause 3 of the Article states that Congress has the power to "regulate commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes". This Clause is the most essential power of Congress. The purpose of this clause is to give Congress powers to make laws to regulate the exchange of commodities internationally and within states. It is important as it strengthens the power of Congress to pass legislation for the benefit of the nation's economy. This Clause also empowers Congress to make laws for the protection of manufacturers, distributors, and consumers.

Clause 18 of the Article states that Congress shall "make laws which shall be necessary and proper...". This Clause is a fundamental power of Congress. It is in my opinion, the Omnibus clause i.e an extension of the powers of Congress. It is important as it empowers Congress to make new legislation to help the other powers clearly stated in the Article and to also establish bodies in the government. The purpose of this clause is that it creates an easy way to effectively carry out the powers spelled out.

Article IV, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution is known as the Supremacy Clause. It is responsible for the creation of Federal laws which the Clause also states will always come before the state laws. It serves the purpose of ensuring non-interference of the Federal powers or laws by the state government. It is important as it creates some sort of balance in how the Federal and State governments function.

Article VI, Section 1 of the United States Constitution provides that "Full faith and credit shall be given in each state to the public acts, records and judicial proceedings of every other state". This provision of the Constitution targets the Judicial branch of the government. The purpose of this Clause is to give powers to the court to assume jurisdiction over matters or issues that arose outside the state. It helps to identify which laws of a state will be used when issues arise between two states. It also serves the purpose of ensuring states honour the decisions of the court from another state. It is important because it gives adequate recognition to the laws and court decisions in different states to ensure they are respected and duly followed. It also strengthens states judicial relationship.

pacal the great: the throne was passed on to pacal through a female; as a result, he believed that he must legitimize his claim to the throne to add stability to his reign.

as a result, the daughter of ac kan's brother ruled until her son, pacal, reached an age old enough to assume the throne.

pacal the great became the king of the mayan city of palenque in a different way than most mayan kings.

pacal pointed out that ac kan had succeeded his mother as ruler, thereby establishing a precedent for the rule to pass through a female.  

he tried to justify that the way he gained the throne by connecting his mother with the divine mother and the mythological events that happened during the creation of the world.  

typically, the son of a male mayan ruler inherited the throne, but in 612 ce, king ac kan died and did not leave behind a male heir.

montezuma 1: even so, these wars of conquest failed to provide enough human sacrifices and because of this, he formed a triple alliance with cities in the valley of puebla-tlascala.  

in addition, montezuma realized that his government failed to the aztecs during the famine.

in order to appease him, montezuma increased the number of human sacrifices.

the aztec performed human sacrifices to their god huitzilopotchli because they believed he desired human blood.  

around 1440 ce, montezuma i became the fifth emperor of the aztecs and went on to rule for 28 years.  

soon after he assumed the throne, the aztecs were hit with a series of disasters, namely a plague of locusts, a flood, and a harsh frost  

huayna capac: huayna capac also fought to gain territories north of his empire in what is now ecuador.  

huayna capac significantly extended the inca empire to the south, into what is now argentina and chile.  

in 1493 ce, huayna capac became the eleventh ruler of the inca empire.  

huayna, therefore, wanted to gain his own lands and launched campaigns against tribes to the east and north of the empire.  

the inca empire reached its peak under the rule of huayna capac.

during this time the empire covered a vast territory including parts of present day colombia, peru, argentina, chile, bolivia, and ecuador.

during his reign, huayna heard about bearded men with pale skin that resembled the incan1 god viracocha and took this news as a bad omen.

huayna took this as another bad omen that predicted the destruction of the empire.

some people are just against it im not sure but i think everyone deserves to be treated equally i think people have a problem with it because its different and not like everything else i hope this !

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