What event led to the emergence of the Republican party? *

What direct impact did the efforts of individuals like ava deer have? a. they led to peaceful protests, such as the occupation of alcatraz island. b. they led to a treaty that promised native americans to any federal surplus land. c. they led to the closing of the federal prison on alcatraz island. d. they led to the government declaring alcatraz island federal surplus land. plase me. fast!