How did southern states restrict african american politically

The Southern States of the United States of America restricted African Americans politically through the enactment of disenfranchisement laws such as the Jim Crow laws which restricted black from exercising their franchise.

Explanation:

After the abolition of slavery in the United States, the Southern States still sought for ways to put the black race in the United States under its whims and caprices. Thus, it invented the Black Code which, among other things, restricted the Black Americans from exercising their franchise. They were prohibited from voting or being voted for. The Jim Crow's Law was also enacted which exalted segregation by making it unlawful for the Blacks to share public facilities with the Whites. They succeeded in removing black American from political offices. The Southern states also introduced new constitutional amendments aimed at imposing strict regulatory requirements for Black America Franchise, thereby making it almost impossible for the blacks to exercise their franchise.

.elections are held to determine who serves in congress.

both include an amendment process.