In contrast to Rousseau's traditional Christian ethics, the Prussian sought to build morality on transcendent reason and thus came to the conclusion that his morality had to be erected on the basis of the categorical imperative.

The answer is Immanuel Kant

In contrast to Rousseau's traditional Christian ethics, the Prussian Immanuel Kant sought to build morality on transcendent reason and thus came to the conclusion that his morality had to be erected on the basis of the categorical imperative.

Explanation:

Kant's moral doctrine is independent of any religious sense. His morality excludes the notion of intention as an element of a pure soul, and duty is not an obligation to be followed by virtue of a superior being. For Kant, moral and ethics are based on human choice, because they are created under social rules. Kant believes that the reason (faculty of ideas) is that it preserves the principles that articulate intention and duty according to the subject's autonomy.