Nationalist movements weakened the Ottoman Empire, affecting Europe by: a. putting Europeans at the head of new governments. b. opening up new trade routes in the empire. c. creating allies in newly formed nations. d. weakening the empire as a whole.

What did president roosevelt do to aid panama in becoming an independent country? a. he negotiated a peace treaty with nicaragua to purchase the land. b. he invaded colombia to establish a us base for defense. c. he placed warships around panama to block sea lanes. d. he used dollar diplomacy to block imports to nicaragua.