According to the speaker, in what ways did the war of self-defense change in a
fundamental way?

the answer should be a. the sui empire, the tang empire extended from korea in the west to manchuria in the east.

to reform the distraught soviet union, the democratization of the communist party was promoted through party secretary mikhail gorbachev's policies of “perestroika” and “glasnost.” perestroika refers to the reconstruction of the political and economic system established by the communist party.

c. is the western hemisphere.

according to my calculation, the answer is d.