Theodore Roosevelt's attitude concerning war with Spain in 1898 was to
a. advise McKinley to avoid war at all costs.
b. urge caution in U. S. relations with Spain.
c. promote war with Spain.
d. rescind the secretary of navy's message ordering Admiral Dewey to sail his fleet to the Philippine Islands.

C is correct.

Explanation: War was initiated under McKinley´s government. McKinley went through American civil war and did not wish to wage the war against Spain. But circumstances, changing public opinion and members of his own party (Lodge and Rooselvelt) wanted him to initiate the war. Roosevelt was one of those who called for war.

in 1897, pershing became a tactical officer at west point, and that's where he was given the nickname "black jack." pershing's first name is "john," for which "jack" is a nickname, and he was a white man who commanded black troops. hence "black jack".