In Portugal, the ability and motivation to explore was aided by

a desire to escape religious persecution.
strong leadership from Prince Henry.
the search for a better home.
the people’s open minds and generous spirits.

254.34

step-by-step explanation:

the formula for area of a circle is given by

a = pi * r^2

a = pi * 9^2

a = 81*pi

using 3.14 as an approximation for pi

a = 3.14*81

a = 254.34

it provided for equal trade rights among nations in china.

after defeating german forces in north africa allied leaders turned their attention to "italy," since this was the location that made the most geographic sense before invading northern europe via france. 

b europeans take corn to africa. corn becomes an important crop there.