Promotion within napoleon new bureaucracy was

based on ability only, not rank or birth

Explanation:

Napoleon Bonaparte was a prominent military leader during the "French Revolution." He reformed the French "bureaucracy" under his leadership by appointing the members according to their abilities and not by rank or birth. This allowed the citizens to have more equal opportunities of being chosen. So, this means that even the middle class were given the chance to be appointed.

Under his leadership, a new kind of aristocracy was made. This was based on "merit in the state service." So, this gave the people in the military and people who hold upper ranks in the civil service to become part of the noble class.

So, this explains the answer.

hi, according to my research the answer to the first question would be false. al tabari was the author of the first medical encyclopedia & he was a persian scholar not arab